The Difference between Nitric Oxide in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patients with Depression Symptoms on Fluoxetine Group Compared with Fluoxetine Combination Group and Exercise Self-action: Study on Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patients with Symptoms Depression
| Main Authors: | Wulansari, Wulansari, Asdie, Ahmad Husain, Achadiono, Deddy Nur Wachid |
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| Format: | Article info application/pdf eJournal |
| Bahasa: | eng |
| Terbitan: |
Faculty of Medicine Universitas Gadjah Mada
, 2020
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: |
https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jain/article/view/56114 https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jain/article/view/56114/27654 |
Daftar Isi:
- Background. Diabetes mellitus and depression are two related conditions. Depression contributed to the course of diabetes mellitus such as: less obedient to therapy and diet, physical inactivity and lack of glycemic control, decreasing quality of life, disability, and rising health expenditure. Neuronal Nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) take a role within the pathophysiology of depression mechanism. Self-indulging exercise (Latihan Pasrah Diri /LPD) is a cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) that is combined between body relaxation with the soul, focus on respiratory and dhikr in order to achieve a relaxation in physiological conditions via decreasing of sympathetic nervous system activity which will increase the NO level. Methods. The Prospective Randomized Open Blinded End Evaluation (PROBE) was used in this study. Subjects were Diabetes Mellitus type-2 patients who have symptoms of depression in Dr. Soeradji Tirtonegoro Klaten Hospital who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subject divided into 2 groups randomized. Group 1 as fluoxetine group; and group 2 as fluoxetine+LPD (21 days) group. The outcome of study were differences in Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) scores and NO levels before and after treatment. Unpaired t-test was used for normally distribution data and Newmann-Keull t-test or Mann-Whitney U test was used for no-normally distributed data. Significant difference analyses were used p<0.05 with 95% CI. Results. The baseline characteristic was shown that no significant difference in all variables within two groups. NO level decreased in both groups, even though the decreasing level of NO was higher in the control group, but statistically not significant (ΔNO; LPD= 1.38 vs. control= 2.40; p= 0.616). Instead, BDI scores increased in both groups, and the increase was higher in the control group, but not statistically significant (ΔBDI; LPD= 2.78 vs. control= 3.57; p= 0.495). There was a weak negative correlation between the changes of NO level and BDI score, statistically not significant.Conclusion. There was no significant difference in nitric oxide levels in individuals established type 2 diabetes mellitus with depression symptoms in the fluoxetine group compared with the fluoxetine combination group and self-indulging exercise.