Soil biodiversity and incidence of cocoa pod borer and black pods: Integrated vs conventional production systems in Sulawesi
| Main Author: | Gusli, Sikstus |
|---|---|
| Terbitan: |
, 2013
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: |
http://repository.unhas.ac.id/handle/123456789/4786 |
| ctrlnum |
123456789-4786 |
|---|---|
| fullrecord |
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<dc schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"><title>Soil biodiversity and incidence of cocoa pod borer and black pods: Integrated vs conventional production systems in Sulawesi</title><creator>Gusli, Sikstus</creator><subject>cocoa, soil biodiversity, cocoa pod borer, cocoa black pods, zero waste integrated farming, Sulawesi.</subject><description>Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) pod borer (CPB ??? Conopomorpha cramella S.) and cocoa black pods
(CBP ??? Phytophtora palmivora) are the major pest and disease that cause lowyield and quality of
Sulawesicocoa under conventional system. We investigated the significance of zero waste integrated
cocoa-cow (ZWCC), compared to conventional production systems, to soil biodiversity and incidence
of CPB and CBP in West Sulawesi, Indonesia. The study was conducted in two sites, 30 km apart. In
each site we established a ZWCC farm, adjacent to conventional cocoa farm. ???Sulawesi 1??? and
???Sulawesi 2??? were cocoa clones grown in both farms. In ZWCC farms we grew king grass between
cocoa and shade trees, and bred three cows in a pen. The king grass, pod husks, and pruned
materials from cocoa and shade trees were used to feed the cows, while cow???s manure was used to
produce compost for the farms. Two years after ZWCCintroduction, we measured soil biodiversity in
a 1 m2area by 0.10 m deep with four replicates along the diagonal transect lines.We observed and
calculated incidence of CPB and CBP on randomly sampled trees.Compared with the conventional,
the ZWCC farms had 1.5 to 2.5 times more mycorrhiza spores (79,600 to 96,500 compared with
39,250 to 50,475 spores per 100 gram soil), five times more nematodes (625 vs 125 nematodes per
100 gram soil), more trichoderma, fusarium, aspergillus, ants, worms, mites, diplura, symphyla,
penicillium, gliocladium; but less arachanida, botrytis, pantoea, clostridium and bacillus. CPB
infestation in ZWCC was much lower than that in conventional farms (0 vs 15 % in site 1, and 4 vs 13
% in site 2). Similarly, CBP incidence was considerably lower under ZWCC.In site 1, no phytophtora
infestation was seenin ZWCC farm, compared with 54 % under conventional farm. In site 2, the
figures were11 and 17% in ZWCC and conventional farms, respectively. It is believed, higher soil
biodiversity suppressesCPB and CBP infestations.As a result, ZWCC farming could reduce yield loss by
29.95 % due to CBP, and by 11.52 % due to CPB, compared to conventional farming</description><date>2013-06-20T03:47:53Z</date><date>2013-06-20T03:47:53Z</date><date>2013-06-20</date><identifier>http://repository.unhas.ac.id/handle/123456789/4786</identifier><recordID>123456789-4786</recordID></dc>
|
| author |
Gusli, Sikstus |
| title |
Soil biodiversity and incidence of cocoa pod borer and black pods: Integrated vs conventional production systems in Sulawesi |
| publishDate |
2013 |
| topic |
cocoa soil biodiversity cocoa pod borer cocoa black pods zero waste integrated farming Sulawesi |
| url |
http://repository.unhas.ac.id/handle/123456789/4786 |
| contents |
Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) pod borer (CPB ??? Conopomorpha cramella S.) and cocoa black pods
(CBP ??? Phytophtora palmivora) are the major pest and disease that cause lowyield and quality of
Sulawesicocoa under conventional system. We investigated the significance of zero waste integrated
cocoa-cow (ZWCC), compared to conventional production systems, to soil biodiversity and incidence
of CPB and CBP in West Sulawesi, Indonesia. The study was conducted in two sites, 30 km apart. In
each site we established a ZWCC farm, adjacent to conventional cocoa farm. ???Sulawesi 1??? and
???Sulawesi 2??? were cocoa clones grown in both farms. In ZWCC farms we grew king grass between
cocoa and shade trees, and bred three cows in a pen. The king grass, pod husks, and pruned
materials from cocoa and shade trees were used to feed the cows, while cow???s manure was used to
produce compost for the farms. Two years after ZWCCintroduction, we measured soil biodiversity in
a 1 m2area by 0.10 m deep with four replicates along the diagonal transect lines.We observed and
calculated incidence of CPB and CBP on randomly sampled trees.Compared with the conventional,
the ZWCC farms had 1.5 to 2.5 times more mycorrhiza spores (79,600 to 96,500 compared with
39,250 to 50,475 spores per 100 gram soil), five times more nematodes (625 vs 125 nematodes per
100 gram soil), more trichoderma, fusarium, aspergillus, ants, worms, mites, diplura, symphyla,
penicillium, gliocladium; but less arachanida, botrytis, pantoea, clostridium and bacillus. CPB
infestation in ZWCC was much lower than that in conventional farms (0 vs 15 % in site 1, and 4 vs 13
% in site 2). Similarly, CBP incidence was considerably lower under ZWCC.In site 1, no phytophtora
infestation was seenin ZWCC farm, compared with 54 % under conventional farm. In site 2, the
figures were11 and 17% in ZWCC and conventional farms, respectively. It is believed, higher soil
biodiversity suppressesCPB and CBP infestations.As a result, ZWCC farming could reduce yield loss by
29.95 % due to CBP, and by 11.52 % due to CPB, compared to conventional farming |
| id |
IOS5831.123456789-4786 |
| institution |
Universitas Hasanuddin |
| institution_id |
29 |
| institution_type |
library:university library |
| library |
Perpustakaan Universitas Hasanuddin |
| library_id |
491 |
| collection |
Repositori Universitas Hasanuddin |
| repository_id |
5831 |
| city |
KOTA MAKASSAR |
| province |
SULAWESI SELATAN |
| shared_to_ipusnas_str |
1 |
| repoId |
IOS5831 |
| first_indexed |
2018-07-01T15:18:08Z |
| last_indexed |
2018-07-01T15:18:08Z |
| recordtype |
dc |
| _version_ |
1674492687294660608 |
| score |
17.610533 |